Islam
The religion of Islam is a monotheistic Abrahamic religion founded on the teachings of the Prophet Muhammad, who is believed to be the last prophet in a long line of prophets that includes Adam, Abraham, Moses, and Jesus. Originating in the 7th century CE in Makkah. Today, it is one of the world's major religions with an estimated 1.9 billion followers, known as Muslims.
Fundamental Beliefs
Monotheism
Islam teaches the belief in one God, known as Allah in Arabic. This God is merciful, omnipotent, and the creator of the universe.
Prophethood
Muslims believe in a lineage of prophets beginning with Adam and concluding with Muhammad, who is considered the "Seal of the Prophets."
Holy scriptures
The Quran is the holy book of Islam, believed to be the literal word of God as revealed to Muhammad. Other important texts include the Hadith, sayings and actions of Muhammad.
Five pillars of Islam
The foundation of Islamic practice is based on five pillars:
- Shahada: The declaration of faith.
- Salat: The performance of ritual prayers.
- Zakat: The giving of alms to the poor.
- Sawm: Fasting during the month of Ramadan.
- Hajj: The pilgrimage to Mecca.
Islamic practices
Prayer
Muslims pray five times a day facing the Kaaba in Makkah.
Fasting
Fasting from dawn to sunset during Ramadan is obligatory for adult Muslims.
Dietary laws
Islamic dietary laws include prohibitions against pork and alcohol and require that meat be halal.
History
Islam emerged in the Arabian Peninsula in the 7th century CE. It spread quickly across the Middle East, North Africa, and eventually to other parts of the world including Asia and Europe.
Islamic law
Islamic jurisprudence, or Sharia, governs various aspects of life, from dietary laws to family matters. It is derived from the Quran and Hadith.
Culture
Islamic culture includes a wide range of artistic, literary, and culinary traditions, influenced by various cultures across the Islamic world.
Science and medicine
Islamic scholars have made significant contributions to various fields like mathematics, astronomy, and medicine, especially during the Islamic Golden Age.
Interfaith dialogue
Islam has a rich tradition of interfaith dialogue and coexistence, especially during periods like the Islamic Golden Age when Muslim, Christian, and Jewish scholars collaborated on various projects.