Logical Inquiry Method

The Logical Inquiry Method is a structured questioning technique used in Islamic apologetics to systematically expose logical contradictions, moral inconsistencies, and foundational conflicts within opposing theological or philosophical positions. Developed as a complementary approach to the Polemical Effectiveness Formula, it provides Muslim apologists with a disciplined framework for engaging in polemical discourse, particularly with Christian missionaries and other ideological opponents.

Inspired by classical dialectical reasoning, the Logical Inquiry Method emphasizes critical questioning over assertions, guiding opponents toward self-refutation through carefully constructed lines of inquiry.

Purpose

The Logical Inquiry Method is designed to assist apologists in formulating progressive and targeted questions that reveal inherent weaknesses in opposing arguments. By focusing on eliciting admissions rather than presenting counter-claims, it aligns with traditional principles of rational debate and modern apologetic strategies.

Core principles

The method is governed by five core principles:

• Focused Questioning — Direct inquiries towards exposing contradictions, ethical dilemmas, or irreconcilable beliefs.
• Progressive Structuring — Begin with broad, neutral questions and gradually narrow toward critical points of tension.
• Minimize Direct Assertions — Allow the opponent's own reasoning to highlight flaws.
• Maintain Logical Composure — Ensure consistency and calm rhetoric to enhance pressure without confrontation.
• Challenge Foundational Premises — Prioritize questioning core doctrines or universal principles rather than peripheral issues.

Methodology

The Logical Inquiry Method follows a three-stage process:

Stage	Objective	Example
Discovery	Clarify and establish the opponent’s core claim.	"Why is substitutionary atonement necessary for salvation?"
Exposure	Identify logical or moral weaknesses within that claim.	"How does punishing an innocent fulfill true justice?"
Lockdown	Present a dilemma or force an admission of inconsistency.	"If justice allows the innocent to suffer, how is this different from injustice?"

Integration with PEF model

The Logical Inquiry Method is designed to work alongside the Polemical Effectiveness Formula (PEF): (\text{LP} \times 0.30) + (\text{MV} \times 0.30) + (\text{FC} \times 0.25) + (\text{RR} \times 0.15)</math> While the method provides the tactical approach to questioning, PEF offers a quantitative framework to measure the effectiveness of those engagements.

During discourse, practitioners can assess:

• Increased ${\text{LP}}$ when contradictions are revealed.
• Elevated ${\text{MV}}$ when moral issues are effectively highlighted.
• High ${\text{FC}}$ when foundational differences are made clear.
• Rising ${\text{RR}}$ when opponents evade or deflect.

Example

In a discussion on the concept of inherited sin:

• Discovery: "Can you explain why all humans inherit Adam’s sin?"
• Exposure: "Is it just to hold individuals accountable for actions they did not commit?"
• Lockdown: "If inherited guilt is acceptable, does that not undermine personal responsibility and divine justice?"

Application

The Logical Inquiry Method is applicable in debates, interfaith dialogues, written polemics, and online engagements. It emphasizes disciplined, rational inquiry consistent with Islamic traditions of debate (adab al-jadal) while addressing contemporary theological challenges.

See also

• Polemical Effectiveness Formula
• Islamic apologetics
• Dialectic